ABSTRACT
Malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate is a very rare entity. Here, we describe a 51-year-old patient with a malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate with a poor prognosis and normal prostate-specific antigen levels. Digital rectal examination revealed a hard, nodular mass in the prostate, and magnetic resonance imaging exhibited a cystic mass measuring 8.7 cm × 7.0 cm × 6.7 cm. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the epithelial components were positive for CK8/18 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3; the atypical stromal cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin. Histological analysis resulted in a diagnosis of malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate. Radical surgery was the treatment of choice. However, tumor recurrence was identified 6 months after the surgery, and the patient died 10 months after the surgery.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To observe the effects of triptolide on drebrin and cofilin expression in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheim-er's disease (AD). Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into control group, model group and triptolide-treated group with 20 cases in each group. The AD model was established with unilateral injection of beta amyloid 1-40 (Aβ1- 40) into hippocampus in rats. The control group was established with unilateral injection of normal saline with the same volume into hippocampus in rats. The triptolide-treated group was administered triptolide intraperi-toneally, 0.4 mg/kg, once a day, for 15 days after modeling. Spine density of hippocampal neurons was assayed by Golgi staining. Drebrin and cofilin expression of hippocampal neurons was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The spine density of hippocampal neurons was higher in the triptolide-treated group than in the model group (P<0.05). The average optical density of drebrin was higher in the triptolide-treated group than in the the model group (P<0.01), while the cell number and average optical density of cofilin were lower (P<0.05). The drebrin mRNA expression was higher in the triptolide-treated group than in the model group (P<0.05), and the cofilin mRNA expression was lower (P<0.01). Conclusion Triptolide may delay the degeneration of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons of AD rats by regulating the expression of drebrin and cofilin.
ABSTRACT
Lipopolysaccharide exerts many effects on many cell lines, including cytokine secretion, and cell apoptosis and necrosis. We investigated the in vitro effects of lipopolysaccharide on apoptosis of cultured human dental pulp cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Dental pulp cells showed morphologies typical of apoptosis after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Flow cytometry showed that the rate of apoptosis of human dental pulp cells increased with increasing lipopolysaccharide concentration. Compared with controls, lipopolysaccharide promoted pulp cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) from 0.1 to 100 μg/mL but not at 0.01 μg/mL. Cell apoptosis was statistically higher after exposure to lipopolysaccharide for 3 days compared with 1 day, but no difference was observed between 3 and 5 days. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was enhanced by lipopolysaccharide at high concentrations, but no evident expression was observed at low concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μg/mL) or in the control groups. In conclusion, lipopolysaccharide induced dental pulp cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, but apoptosis did not increase with treatment duration. The expression of the apoptosis regulatory proteins Bax and Bcl-2 was also up-regulated in pulp cells after exposure to a high concentration of lipopolysaccharide.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Young Adult , Apoptosis , Dental Pulp/drug effects , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , /metabolism , /metabolism , Dental Pulp/cytology , Dental Pulp/metabolism , Flow Cytometry , Immunohistochemistry , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To asses the effects of Gamma nail and DHS/Richard (dynamic hip screw) in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. Methods A meta analysis of all the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. We included randomized and quasi randomized controlled trials in patients with proximal femoral fracture to compare Gamma nail and DHS/Richard. Results First we identified 88 papers on comparison of Gamma nail and DHS/Richard in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures published from 1969 to 2003. 7 trials involving 1256 patients were identified as meeting all the eligibility criteria. 3 investigators independently graded study quality and abstracted relevant data, including information on mortality rates, wound infection, function, revision in patients with a proximal femoral fracture. 4 trials, which included a total of 621 patients, provided detailed information on mortality rates over the first 6 postoperative months. We found there was no significant difference in the relative risk of death in the first 6 months postoperative between treatments of Gamma nail and those of compression hip screw (relative risk 1.17;P=0.51). 6 trials that included a total of 1083 patients provided data on operative complications. The risk of operative complications from Gamma nail fixation appeared to be higher than that from compression screw and side plate fixation but not higher than that from compression hip screw (relative risk 1.41; P=0.02). We also found an obvious increase in the relative risk of fracture of femoral shaft between Gamma nail and compression hip screw (relative risk 6.99; P=0.00). Patients treated with Gamma nail had a higher rate of revision compared with those with compression hip screw, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (relative risk 1.85; P=0.20). In addition, wound infection, operative blood loss and functional recovery were similar between the tow groups(relative risk 0.98 for wound infection and 1.02 for function). Operating time for Gamma nail patients was significantly less than that for DHS/Richard ones (P